Nursing Case Study Cardiovascular System

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Case Studyfor Cardiovascular System. Answer: The cardiovascular system or the heart is being affected that is causing Toms symptoms. Tom might be suffering from congestive heart failure that is causing the substernal crushing chest pain and swelling of the feet and ankles. The fluid accumulation within the body system is causing the swelling. There is an initiation of accumulation of fluid within Toms lower limbs as the blood flow out of the heart is making the blood return back to the heart via veins (Johnstone et al. 2014). (a) Electrocardiography is one of the tests that would support Toms condition. It is the method in which ultrasound is applied to measure the diastolic volume, ejection fraction and stroke volume (Brown and Lewis 2007). It also finds out the heart complications that are valve associated and also the connective tissue condition and heart sac. It is also used to diagnose arrhythmia, hypertrophy of the valves and conduction delay. The ST segment depression in Toms ECG suggested an abnormal condition as it is a sign of myocardial infarction associated with congestive heart failure. It has serious clinical outcomes that include Tom presenting CHF with MI. A cardiologist and a trained nurse are the two health professionals who would help Tom. The cardiologist would examine the Toms heart and prescribe treatment depending on the reports. The trained nurse would monitor Toms heart condition; administer his medications as prescribed by the cardiologist. A physiotherapist could also help to circulate his blood inside the body system and reduce swelling. Smoking would damage the lining of arteries and leads to accumulation of atheroma and angina. Case Study 2 (part 1) (a) The six potential health issues are high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, and gout and gall stone formation. The proteinuria gives an indication of obesity related glomerulopathy and progression to renal disease (D'Agati et al. 2016). Mary is affected by internal factors like family history of obesity and endocrinological complications. The external factors are food habits and standard of living. The nurses should educate her about leading a healthy lifestyle with physical exercise and nutritious balanced diet that would control her obesity and blood sugar levels. The dietician would help Mary to carry out physical exercises and diet plan that would help her to reduce body weight and body mass index. The dietician would suggest dietary and lifestyle modifications that would help her to control the blood glucose levels and other obesity related complications. Case Study 3 Williams physical conditions are the internal factors like the post traumatic stress disorder, level of unconsciousness, elevated level of alcohol in his blood, aggression and confusion. The lack of personal safety, drink and driving, rash driving and disobeying traffic rules are the external factors that contributes to his condition. The brain injury would be the diagnosis. Glasgow Coma Scale Rating would record the patients level of responsiveness. The unconscious stage is difficult to measure in Williams case but opening of eyes is the unconsciousness stage. With respect to brain injuries, coma occurs when patient eyes are closed continuously and fails to respond. Another state called the vegetative state where the patient has reduced consciousness (Barker et al. 2014). Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the two diagnostic tests. The CT scan would give a comprehensive brain picture showing fractures, swelling, hemorrhage and contusions. MRI would give a detailed brain picture that would also be helpful. The neurologist would check the head injury dealing with brain and nerves. Neurosurgeon would treat the damaged brain and nerves and stop bleeding. Case Study 4 Referring to the Competency Element 2.2 and 3.4 under competency standards for enrolled nurses, while caring for the old lady, it was essential to offer relief in a moral manner respecting her culture and beliefs in palliative care considering the significance of the treatment in terms of euthanasia (Gysels et al. 2013). The religious belief according to Buddhism and the heath care professionals should take decisions accordingly. The enrolled nurses should follow the guidelines and rules prescribed according to medication free treatment by seeking help from the duty officer. The legal ethical advisory committee could also help to deal with the ethical issues faced by the enrolled nurses. The art therapy, massage, biofield therapy, complementary therapy, Reiki, stimulation of spinal cord and music therapy are some of the non-pharmacological interventions. 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