Child Abuse Research Paper - 1857 Words

mendoza Multicultural literature Child Abuse Ever wonder why the society has so much crime inhabiting it, simply living off the pain from others? If yelling and hitting a child is used as a punishment, then how do you know when you’ve gone too far? Every time a child is hit, it makes the child even more eligible to become tomorrow’s criminal. With every scream, every put down, every hit and every inappropriate touch, the child is more likely to have a less successful life as an adult. This is child abuse and it’s staring us in the face as a problem we can lessen just by paying attention to it. The physical injury or ill-treatment of a child under the age of eighteen by a person who is responsible for the child’s wellbeing under†¦show more content†¦One-thousand five-hundred children die each year from child abuse, making that be four children die every day. Being arrested as a juvenile is fifty-nine percent more likely to happen to children who have been abused and neglected. It is twenty-eight percent more likely to be arrested as an adult and thirty percent more likely to commit a violent crime to children who have been abused and neglected. (US Department†¦) Acts or an omission by the parents or other caregivers that have caused, or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive (the process of knowing), emotional and/or mental disorders is defined as emotional abuse by The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. Emotional abuse is extremely hard to prove seeing that there is no physical evidence of any harm to the child. Parents or caregivers may use strange forms of punishment such as making a child stay in a dark closet. They may also use less severe acts like rejecting treatment or even belittling of the child (Newton). Signs of emotional abuse are a child who: is apathetic, suffers from depression, wont take part in play or school activities, is often hostile or aggressive, compulsively overeats, and a child with a loss of appetite (Facts About†¦) Interactions between a child and an adult when the child is being used for sexual encouragement of the perpetrator when the perpetrator is in a position of power or control over theShow MoreRelatedAbuse993 Words   |  4 PagesChild Neglect 1 Running Head: CHILD NEGLECT Child Neglect Sahar Taki American University of Culture and Education Eng 260 Child Neglect 2 Abstract Study results found evidence that the apparent negative effects of maltreatment on children’s tendency to engage in crime were real. Being maltreated was found to almost double the probability of engaging in many types of crime and the effects were worst for children. Sexual abuse appeared to have the largest effects on crimeRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse and Its Impact on The Developing Brain, An Annotated Bibliography846 Words   |  4 Pages1) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Gaskill, Richard L. and Perry, Bruce D. (2012) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment. Online. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118094822.ch2/pdf Annotated Bibliography: In this article, the author is making an argument that sexual abuse causes brain development problems inRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse and Neglect Tracy Vargas Arizona State University Child Abuse and Neglect In 2002 child protective service (CPS) agencies investigated more than 2.6 million reports of alleged child abuse and neglect (Harder, 2005, p. 1). The topic I have selected for this paper is child abuse and neglect. In this paper I will provide information of the findings for four different articles, I will include results provided by each article, finding similarities or dissimilarities. TheRead MoreA Basic Principle Of Attachment Theory Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pages A parent-child interaction happens prenatal and continues throughout a child s development soon after a child is born, an attachment begins. This attachment begins with imprinting which some call the sensitive period. During this time the child will become attached to the first caregiver seen (usually the mother) and look to it for any sort of comfort. This was discovered through Bowlby s experiment with ducks in the 1970 s, Bowlby defined attachment theory as â€Å"Attachment theory conceptualizesRead MoreEffects of Child Abuse on Disabled Children823 Words   |  3 Pages. Effects of Child Abuse on Disabled Children Stalker, Kirsten, and Katherine McArthur. Child Abuse. Child Abuse 21.1 (2012): 24-40. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Kirsten Stalker and Katherine McArthur deals with the fact that disabled children face child abuse more than their non-disabled peers. It also states the fact that disabled and non-disabled children should be protected from harmful situations. For example, children who fall into the situation of being molested by adults need to be protectedRead MoreThe Long Term Health Consequences Of Child Physical Abuse Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This article paper aims at providing an overview of the article â€Å"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis† by Norman, et.al. The research aims at highlighting the evidence that relates child physical and sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect with the subsequent mental and physical health outcomes. Child physical abuse, emotional violence, sexual assault, and neglect are some of the most severe concernsRead MoreResearch Portfolio Assignment : Child Development And Children s Services1502 Words   |  7 Pages Research Portfolio Assignment-Part 1 Winntrest Hampton Institution Research Portfolio Assignment-Part 1 1. Identification of a research cluster The Cluster Research that has been chosen for the Research Portfolio Assignment is Child Development and Children’s Services. Research under this cluster will address the harmful impacts of child neglect and abuse, as well as the development of intervention strategies to help prevent child maltreatment. Child neglect and abuse bring about long-termRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Abuse1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe following paper is about Child Abuse. This paper will look into the description of the problem, the policies that has helped solved the problem, involvement in resolving the problem, and person recommendations on changing the approach of the problem. Description of the Problem/History Child abuse is a form of any sexual activity that a child doesn’t give consent to. Whether it may be sexually or physically if the child is not mentally ready it is still a form of abuse. Child abuse also can leadRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Domestic Violence Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I will be addressing the correlation that is between substance abuse and domestic violence. There are many factors that play a role in why domestic violence occurs in a home; this paper will be focusing on the factor of drug abuse in particularly. Early on in the course we learned that domestic violence does not only pertain to intimate partner violence but also to child abuse, elder abuse, and any other abuse of a person that occurs with inside the home. I will be providing research fromRead MoreThe Indian Act1558 Words   |  7 Pagesexceptionally bad for girls as they were often sexually abused, and so I wondered how the psychosocial problems related with child sexual abuse w ould hinder the future relationships of women who attended Residential Schools. The Residential School System being a small part of the Indian Act, but very researched area makes me wonder why I have not come across any one paper relating to my idea, and so I wanted to first look at how the children’s lives were in the Residential School and how their psychosocial

State University School Of Social Work Essay - 1436 Words

CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK Changing Birth Certificate Sex Designations in Ohio ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Portia Colbert p.e.colbert@vikes.csuohio.edu (216)551-6529 PREPARED FOR: Governor: John Kasich 09/21/2016 SWK 300: SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY PROF. Dover 1. GOAL STATEMENT – To enhance Ohio law and equality among transgender people by allowing the amendment of legal documents to reflect the current sex after undergoing surgical procedures to change one’s sex. 2. SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM – In Ohio the law doesn’t recognize transgender surgical procedures as a justifiable reason to make changes. If a transgender man or woman undergoes surgical procedure to change their sex, Ohio will not incorporate any form of correction of sex on birth certificates. The transgender community is directly affected by this problem. Most transgender people will explain that being transgender, means they feel more connected to the sex opposite that of which they were born. In any situation where a person isn’t happy, they may decide to make changes. Well in the transgender community this change can cost up to thousands of dollars, and it requires surgery. However, if you are in Ohio, these changes essentially mean nothing if you are looking to build a new life with your new-found identity. There are multiple organizations that advocate for the rights of theShow MoreRelatedSchool Of Social Work At Stephen F. Austin State University At Burke Center5170 Words   |  21 PagesBurke Center – A Rural Case Study  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Agency Organizational Assessment I am currently completing my final internship for the School of Social Work at Stephen F. Austin State University at Burke Center, a mental health agency located in Nacogdoches, Texas. (myburke.org, 2017) states that â€Å"Burke’s mission is to provide the highest-quality and most compassionate and comprehensive mental health and developmental disability services to every client in East Texas that needs them.† The agency is wellRead MoreMethodology And Positive Evaluations Of After-School Art Programs1195 Words   |  5 Pagesmethodology and findings from two different After-School art programs. The National Arts and Youth Demonstration Project (NAYDP) in Canada and The Tampa Arts and Youth Demonstration Project (TAYDP) in the United States. The TAYDP was ideally compare to the Canadian After-School art program because of its similarities with children from low-income multicultural communities. This program report represents one of the few well-controlled evaluations of a after school art programs for low-income children. TheRead MoreElizabeth City State University And Saint Augustine s University1047 Words   |  5 PagesElizabeth City State University and Saint Augustine’s University both have good Sociology Programs. Elizabeth City’s mission is to promote economic, social, and environmental progress for the people of northeastern North Carolina, the state, and the nation. Saint Augustine’s mission is to sustain a learning community in which students can prepare academically, socially and spiritually for leadership in a complex, diverse and rapidly changing world. Elizabeth City State University and Saint Augustine’sRead MoreEssay on The Work of a Social Worker1240 Words   |  5 Pagesa career out of it. Social work is one of the most renowned occupations when it comes to helping people. The path to becoming a social worker is very difficult, in both getting a degree and choosing an occupation. To be licensed as a social worker in Minnesota, North Dakota and most other states a person must obtain a Bachelor of Social Work degree (B.S.W.) (Social Work). Currently many colleges have an undergraduate program to receive this degree. An adequate school for attaining a B.S.WRead More15 Most Affordable Online Schools1011 Words   |  4 Pages15. Western Governors University Western Governors University has 53 online degree programs to choose from, for an annual tuition of less than $15,000 each. This school offers one of the most affordable online accounting degrees. The annual tuition for the accounting program is $5,780. The Business degree program, also offered at the same price, is one of the most affordable. This public, non-profit school is fully accredited by the Distance Education and Training Council Accrediting CommissionRead MoreNew Mexico State University Is The Oldest And Largest Higher Education Institution Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesNew Mexico State University New Mexico State University, which is referred to as either NMSU or New Mexico State, is the oldest and largest higher education institution in the state. This land-grant, research university was created in the late 1890s and is located in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The main campus is 900 acres and enroll over 15,000 students every year. There are satellite campuses in the cities of Grants, Carlsbad, Alamogordo and Dona Ana. There are also research centers in various locationsRead MoreAmerican Students Drop Out Of High School1534 Words   |  7 Pagesout of high school every year (EPE 2012), and that students in the United States are the twenty-fifth math, the seventeenth in science, the fourteenth in reading, out of twenty nine countries (OECD 2012)? According by the National Assessment of Education Progress, two out of three eighth-graders cannot read proficiently and that nearly three out of four eighth- and 12th-grade students cannot write proficiently. How the level of U.S schools can be so low, when we know that the United State is one ofRead MoreThe Importance Of A Social Work Field1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe social work field is solely dedicated to the giving back of others. A person in the career must be willing to spend hours working to make differences in clients’ lives. Children and family social work can be a very rewarding profession but yet challenging at times. Employees help others in need, advocate for important causes, and all around make positive impacts in the world. Many people interested in social work have personal motivations from their own lives steering them towards the professionRead MoreThe History Of Social Work In Vietnam. Each Country Has1625 Words   |  7 Pagesof Social Work in Vietnam Each country has a unique history for the development of social work. While social work was first started in Amsterdam and later introduced in the United States in the late 1800’s, other countries are starting to develop social work practice more recently (Zastrow, 2010). At the completion of multiple decades of war, Vietnam could start implementing social work practice. It is important for foreigners who plan to work in Vietnam to be aware of the history of social workRead MoreEssay about Improvement in School Spirit at the University of Waterloo1012 Words   |  5 Pages Administrators at the University of Waterloo are disappointed with the lack of the school spirit. School spirit can be defined as ones’ emotional support for their educational institute. To be fair our university certainly does have numerous clubs, sports, and other nonacademic programs to join on campus, however, it does not seem to entice students to join in comparison to other schools. The following will demonstrate why the university needs to improve on student engagement as well as the benefits

The Art of Cultivating a Phenomenological State of Mind Free Essays

It continues to be a renowned belief of Buddhism that upon coming to the conclusion that neither the extreme course of self-denial practiced by the ascetics nor the life of self-indulgence which he had led as a prince was the right path towards enlightenment, Siddhartha Gautama adopts what he refers to as the Middle Way. He then, having the notion that the answer to what he seeks is buried within his own consciousness, sits in meditation beneath a fig tree for a duration of four (some say seven) weeks. Throughout this length of time, he manages to withstand a barrage of attacks and temptations from the devil Mara while gradually ascending through higher states of consciousness, until he transcends the realm of conventional awareness and attains enlightenment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of Cultivating a Phenomenological State of Mind or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such is the final aspiration of those pursuing the Buddhist path: to acquire, through right thoughts and good deeds, â€Å"release from the round of phenomenal existence with its inherent suffering†¦ to attain nirvana, an enlightened state in which the fires of greed, hatred, and ignorance have been quenched† (Buddhism). The primary ethic that serves as a guide toward one’s ascent to nirvana is one that is both â€Å"detached and inner-oriented,† requiring the individual searching to cultivate â€Å"four virtuous attitudes, known as the Palaces of Brahma: loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity† (Buddhism). However, in one’s striving to do so, it is important for them to first understand that in regards to Buddhist theory of the mind and consciousness, â€Å"there is no self that is aware of the experiences one undergoes or the thoughts one has. Rather the thoughts themselves are the thinker, and the experiences the experiencer† (Indian Theories of Mind). As long as one continues to believe in the existence of a self, it is not possible for them to properly understand the concept of mental activity as it is expressed within the Buddhist tradition. Only once the belief in an inner self is renounced, and the belief in Atman, â€Å"the non-material spiritual element that merely witnesses the mental activities involved in the ordinary awareness of objects† (Indian Theories of Mind), is nurtured, is the individual then capable of amassing together positive mental factors which will aid in their resolve to veer from both the practices of austere asceticism and sensual indulgence, and instead follow the Middle Way to enlightenment. Current scientific research on the consciousness has observed that the ordinary person is inclined to â€Å"attend to the world strictly as it appears, the world as it is phenomenally manifest† to him (Phenomenology). In other words, man considers the objects around him to be mere associations to a specific experience, thus he concentrates not on them, but on the manner in which they appear to him. Buddhists, on the other hand, adopt the ‘phenomenological attitude’ by detaching themselves â€Å"from the natural attitude, not to deny it, but to investigate the very experiences it comprises† (Phenomenology). By employing this phenomenological mindset, Buddhists prove that, contrary to common belief, the acquisition of perceptions from an experience is not confined only to emotional or tactile receptors, rather, the awareness of these phenomenal aspects can also be granted through conscious thought. The Abhidharma, which constitutes one of the ‘three baskets’ into which the Buddhist scriptures are divided, endeavors to organize Buddhist teachings in such a manner as to provide detailed analyses of experience. In examining these analyses, it becomes evident that in some aspects they are redolent of â€Å"those in cognitive science that aim to account for cognitive processing without invoking a homunculus or ‘little man’ inside the head who oversees the workings of the mind (or merely passively witnesses the results†¦)† (Phenomenology). For example, the Abhidharma investigates matter as a composition of multiple basic elements. However, in contrast to the standard definition which describing an element as being a concrete object unable to be divided into simpler forms, the Abhidharma classifies an element as being an evanescent material occurrence fluctuating in and out of existence according to the given circumstances. In a similar manner, the Abhidharma categorizes the human mind into its basic components: a â€Å"succession of mental states† or â€Å"stream of consciousness. In line with this reasoning, Buddhists hold this point of view with regards to the functioning of the mind: â€Å"It is a mental imposition of unity where there is in fact only the arising of a multiplicity of interrelated physical and mental events. The sense of control belonging to one’s sense of self is thus largely illusory. There is really nobody in charge of the physical and mental processes, which arise according to the ir own causes and conditions, not our whims. The mind is not ruled by a central unite, but by competing factors whose strengths varies according to our circumstances† (Indian Theories of Mind). Buddhists thus attribute the â€Å"limited but intuitive presence† an individual senses in response to their cognitive experiences, not to a metaphysical self, but to the spontaneous, non-recurrent awareness one has in relation to their own mental states; it can be interpreted as one of many varieties of perception. It is the Atman, or non-spiritual element, â€Å"that merely witnesses the mental activities involved in the ordinary awareness of objects† (Indian Theories of Mind). While on his deathbed, the Buddha told his disciples these words: â€Å"Seek salvation alone in the truth; look not for assistance to anyone besides yourself. † He was, in effect, admonishing them to seek enlightenment by no means other than developing right thinking and good deeds on a personal level. When taking into account the path a Buddhist is required to follow, the significance of them cultivating a phenomenological mindset becomes progressively more apparent to the observer. Consider the concept of Renunciation. A Buddhist author, Gill Farrer-Halls, explains in layman terms: â€Å"Renunciation means lessening both our attachment to those things we like and our aversion to unpleasant situations and feelings, by realizing that none of these things have an inherent ability to make us happy or unhappy† (Buddhism Seeks Enlightenment and Ultimate Reality). To an ordinary person, adopting such a view regarding material possessions is no effortless task. However, in assuming the phenomenological attitude, they no longer become concerned with â€Å"what things are in themselves†¦ but rather in exactly how they appear, and thus as strict rational correlates of [their] experience† (Phenomenology). This is the Buddhist mindset. Believing material things to be sheer â€Å"correlates of [their] experience† and nothing concrete, they are then able to hold them with a relaxed hand, so to speak. In the event these possessions are removed from them, Buddhists, instead of becoming distressed, accept this as a trait of matter, which, according to the Abhidharma, fluctuates within the realm of existence according to causes and conditions. Farrer-Halls elaborates on this concept further: â€Å"A tightly closed fist tries to grasp hold of things, but they slip away because of this grasping. If we open our hands, things pour over and move unimpeded. In this way, by not trying to control the natural flow of life, we can enjoy it. When we loosen our grasping we become open, which makes us receptive to our environment. We can appreciate other people and our surroundings beyond our tightly help perceptions† (Buddhism Seeks Enlightenment and Ultimate Reality). Through these examples, it is evident that the cultivation of a phenomenological mindset enables one to develop a detached appreciation for the material things of the world. If this psychological approach wasn’t administered through routine meditation, the three poisons: desire, craving, and lust, would effortlessly trounce the Buddhist’s determination to follow the Middle Way first established by Siddhartha Gautama, and thus attain enlightenment and ultimate reality. How to cite The Art of Cultivating a Phenomenological State of Mind, Papers

Nursing Case Study Cardiovascular System

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Case Studyfor Cardiovascular System. Answer: The cardiovascular system or the heart is being affected that is causing Toms symptoms. Tom might be suffering from congestive heart failure that is causing the substernal crushing chest pain and swelling of the feet and ankles. The fluid accumulation within the body system is causing the swelling. There is an initiation of accumulation of fluid within Toms lower limbs as the blood flow out of the heart is making the blood return back to the heart via veins (Johnstone et al. 2014). (a) Electrocardiography is one of the tests that would support Toms condition. It is the method in which ultrasound is applied to measure the diastolic volume, ejection fraction and stroke volume (Brown and Lewis 2007). It also finds out the heart complications that are valve associated and also the connective tissue condition and heart sac. It is also used to diagnose arrhythmia, hypertrophy of the valves and conduction delay. The ST segment depression in Toms ECG suggested an abnormal condition as it is a sign of myocardial infarction associated with congestive heart failure. It has serious clinical outcomes that include Tom presenting CHF with MI. A cardiologist and a trained nurse are the two health professionals who would help Tom. The cardiologist would examine the Toms heart and prescribe treatment depending on the reports. The trained nurse would monitor Toms heart condition; administer his medications as prescribed by the cardiologist. A physiotherapist could also help to circulate his blood inside the body system and reduce swelling. Smoking would damage the lining of arteries and leads to accumulation of atheroma and angina. Case Study 2 (part 1) (a) The six potential health issues are high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, and gout and gall stone formation. The proteinuria gives an indication of obesity related glomerulopathy and progression to renal disease (D'Agati et al. 2016). Mary is affected by internal factors like family history of obesity and endocrinological complications. The external factors are food habits and standard of living. The nurses should educate her about leading a healthy lifestyle with physical exercise and nutritious balanced diet that would control her obesity and blood sugar levels. The dietician would help Mary to carry out physical exercises and diet plan that would help her to reduce body weight and body mass index. The dietician would suggest dietary and lifestyle modifications that would help her to control the blood glucose levels and other obesity related complications. Case Study 3 Williams physical conditions are the internal factors like the post traumatic stress disorder, level of unconsciousness, elevated level of alcohol in his blood, aggression and confusion. The lack of personal safety, drink and driving, rash driving and disobeying traffic rules are the external factors that contributes to his condition. The brain injury would be the diagnosis. Glasgow Coma Scale Rating would record the patients level of responsiveness. The unconscious stage is difficult to measure in Williams case but opening of eyes is the unconsciousness stage. With respect to brain injuries, coma occurs when patient eyes are closed continuously and fails to respond. Another state called the vegetative state where the patient has reduced consciousness (Barker et al. 2014). Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the two diagnostic tests. The CT scan would give a comprehensive brain picture showing fractures, swelling, hemorrhage and contusions. MRI would give a detailed brain picture that would also be helpful. The neurologist would check the head injury dealing with brain and nerves. Neurosurgeon would treat the damaged brain and nerves and stop bleeding. Case Study 4 Referring to the Competency Element 2.2 and 3.4 under competency standards for enrolled nurses, while caring for the old lady, it was essential to offer relief in a moral manner respecting her culture and beliefs in palliative care considering the significance of the treatment in terms of euthanasia (Gysels et al. 2013). The religious belief according to Buddhism and the heath care professionals should take decisions accordingly. The enrolled nurses should follow the guidelines and rules prescribed according to medication free treatment by seeking help from the duty officer. The legal ethical advisory committee could also help to deal with the ethical issues faced by the enrolled nurses. The art therapy, massage, biofield therapy, complementary therapy, Reiki, stimulation of spinal cord and music therapy are some of the non-pharmacological interventions. References Barker, M.D., Whyte, J., Pretz, C.R., Sherer, M., Temkin, N., Hammond, F.M., Saad, Z. and Novack, T., 2014. Application and clinical utility of the Glasgow coma scale over time: A study employing the NIDRR traumatic brain injury model systems database.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation,29(5), pp.400-406. Brown, D. and Lewis, S.M., 2007. Lewis's Medical-surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier Australia. D'Agati, V.D., Chagnac, A., de Vries, A.P., Levi, M., Porrini, E., Herman-Edelstein, M. and Praga, M., 2016. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis.Nature Reviews Nephrology. Gysels, M., Evans, C.J., Lewis, P., Speck, P., Benalia, H., Preston, N.J., Grande, G.E., Short, V., Owen-Jones, E., Todd, C.J. and Higginson, I.J., 2013. MORECare research methods guidance development: recommendations for ethical issues in palliative and end-of-life care research.Palliative medicine,27(10), pp.908-917. Johnstone, C., Hendry, C., Farley, A. and McLafferty, E., 2014. Endocrine system: part 1.Nursing Standard,28(38), pp.42-49. Stead, L.F., Perera, R., Bullen, C., Mant, D., Hartmann?Boyce, J., Cahill, K. and Lancaster, T., 2012. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane Library.

10 Ways to Turn Writing a Paper into a Drinking Game

10 Ways to Turn Writing a Paper into a Drinking Game College students have long suspected that universities and individual professors must buy stock in paper companies. For some, its the only explanation as to why college seems to be just one paper assignment after another. Conspiracy theories aside, writing papers can be tough. But when the grind wears you down, injecting a bit of fun can help get you over the hump. When it comes to paper writing, its time to turn to the same tactics employed by such literary luminaries as Ernest Hemingway, Raymond Chandler, Tennessee Williams and Hunter S. Thompson: Booze. However, college students cant just kick back with a snifter of brandy and mull over their literary choices. Thats way too pedestrian. Of course, the answer is to turn it into a drinking game. After all, its practically a college tradition. Before you begin, be sure to save a copy of your paper in a completely separate file, preferably on a flash drive. Better safe than sorry. Inspiration may strike during your game, but its always good to have a back up. You dont want to have to reconstruct full pages that fell apart because you got off on a tangent about the therapeutic properties of cat videos. Once you have a backup file saved, pick your poison. You can pick a selection of brews and assign each rule a specific brand or type or you can just pick one and stick with it the whole way through. Chances are it wont matter what you drink – the end result will be the same. For extra fun later, turn on Track Changes in your Formatting menu so you can follow along the next morning and see how your editorial decisions changed as the night wore on. Rules of The Paper Writing Drinking Game Every time you run into a 404 tracking down a source, take a drink. If you were tracking it down from Wikipedia, take two drinks. Each time you write yourself into a corner, take a drink. Every time you catch yourself writing in circles, take two. Take a drink for each syllable in any words you have to pronounce out loud in order to spell correctly as you type. If a page has more footnotes than actual text, take two drinks and toast Flann OBrien. Each time you stretch out a single paragraph idea into two or more, take a drink and pat yourself on the back. Take a drink and give yourself a slap for every time you catch yourself on Candy Crush Saga, Farmville or any other pointless FaceBook game. Have another drink each time to catch yourself randomly scrolling down a page and realize you completely forgot what you were looking for. Any time you find yourself in need of a friend with a subscription to JSTOR or LexisNexis, take a drink and hit up any journalism majors who happen to be online. Take another drink every time you catch yourself calculating how many words per minute youll have to write in order to get the paper done tonight. Every time you ask yourself how much bigger you can make the font or contemplating formatting changes to make your paper appear longer, take two drinks. Bonus Shots Any time you re-write a sentence more than 12 times For every set of Block Quotes you use to bulk out a few pages. Every time you say out loud Okay, down to work now. Each time you search around for single words you can stretch into more (i.e. changing it to the field of robotic psychiatry) Every FaceBook status update or Tweet about the progress youve made on your paper. Chances are youll end up with a screen filled with plenty of red squiggly lines and a few good ideas. If you managed to actually finish the paper – or this version of it anyway – during the game, that earns you a bonus round of whatever quality alcohol you have stashed away. Dont forget to save the fruit of your labor before drinking some water and passing out face first on the keyboard. But the fun isnt over yet! In the morning youll be eligible to play the super fun Bonus Morning After Game! Brew a pot of coffee, wipe off the keyboard and open the file from the night before. Re-read what you wrote and edited the night before. Every time something makes you laugh out loud, take a sip of coffee. Take two every time you read something that makes you wince. Finally, take a big gulp for any sections so inspired you leave them nearly intact in the final version of the paper. Heres also a guide on How to Cure Hangover for those who drank too much yesterday. Did you ever write drunk? Tell us your own story in comments!

Essay Example on Socrates’ Defence in Plato’s Apology

Essay Example on Socrates’ Defence in Plato’s Apology . It is interesting to the readers because of the unique defense approach that Socrates chooses to prove his point. Instead of defending himself as a personality, he chooses to defend the truth, which in his opinion is a more important focus of philosophy. A whole range of philosophical aspects are covered in the speech of Socrates, which remains one of peculiar justifications of philosophy as special code of ethics. Indeed, Socrates chooses to die as an argument in defense of his ideas, which he believes should be the main test for all true philosophers. He thinks that by making the truth superior to staying alive he sets example to other people, so he believes his mission is successful. Hence, the paradox about Socrates defense is the definition of victory. From a laymans perspective, he obviously loses as he receives the severest sentence possible, but the main point of Plato is he is the actual winner because he manages to achieve his purpose by taking courage to defend the most powerful argument dying for the sake of truth.

Self assessment for project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self assessment for project - Essay Example The aim of establishing a brand image style could be the first one of the sale strategies for all the companies. An effective product package design and brand image may enable consumers to create a sense of corporate identification with the company to then accept the product. This strategy has a dual impact at the sales point since it incorporates brand identity and packaging design which play important roles in corporate image and sales achievements. Companies want to achieve the best possible outcome out of their marketing initiatives. Marketing issues can be thoroughly discussed in several areas utilizing different methodologies and techniques such as investigation of research e.g. questionnaire, survey, literature review and interview with experts; " relationship between consumer preferences and purchasing behavior", "recognition of brand image", " demographic statistics" and " assessment of consumer purchasing factors", and how do these factors effect among package design, consumer recognition and purchasing preferences. The areas of R&D that will be covered in this proposal are the following: 5. -Using couple well known cigarette brands for in depth study, how consumers make decision on purchase; good recognition of certain brand, attractive visual output, price range, word of mouth or simply just good product" good taste, functionality". The purpose of this research is to integrate brand identity and package design, by using product from the western marketplaces of United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) to investigate its characteristics and distinguishing features for discussion examples. Then the next step will be using the research results and solutions in order to apply them to the Russian or Asian marketplace. The research findings are expected to achieve future reinforcement and awaken Russian markets to further understand about brand image

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Firstly, the pathos of the video is clear and apparent from the very first frame of the video; as the viewer is greeted with an expansive cemetery perforated by concentric lines of seemingly endless white crosses. Further pathos is invoked due to the dramatic elements of the music that is represented to the listener. Hardship and drama with regards to the emotional connection that the viewer must have to the individuals on the screen is represented through a steady stream of images connecting homelessness, poverty, orphans, and a post-apocalyptic environment. Each of these emotionally charged images is capable of invoking a response upon the part of the viewer; a response that the director and producer of this brief advertisement were fully aware could be evoked. Similarly, the ethos of the particular advertisement in question is much less complex and much easier to define as compared to the pathos which is been discussed above. Due to the fact that UNICEF is a global outreach entity that is represented in nearly each and every nation throughout the globe, the degree and extent to which ethos is directly represented merely by mentioning the name UNICEF is innate. As such, even though this ethos is not directly linked to the advertisement until the credits screen flashes just prior to the advertisement concluding, it nonetheless is evident and cannot be ignored by an individual interviews the contents of such a message. It is further arguable that without the UNICEF emblem being represented at the end of this advertisement the overall believability and trust an individual might have with regards the contents therein could greatly be diminished. Finally, seeking to understand this advertisement from yet another perspective, the rhetorical approach of logos, demands that the individual focus upon the moment in time it just prior to the advertisement concluding and/or the moments prior to the UNICEF emblem being flashed upon the screen. Within this brief period of time all of the preceding information that has been driven by thoughts and a sense of emotional distress and need for action is juxtaposed with the logos of the statement: â€Å"What we see as fiction... Is real in Ethiopia† (Unicef 2007). Such a statement of fact links all of the seemingly disjointed emotionally charged imagery and tax that was presented previously and the advertisement to a definitive and logical conclusion. Whereas it may be hard for the individual to accept the images of orphans, innately poor, struggling to survive in burned out towns with no viable means of support or education as a fictitious rendering of a post-apocalyptic world, this is very much unfortunately the case within many parts of Ethiopia and Eastern Africa that are heavily impacted by the AIDS epidemic. By referencing all of this information and utilizing all three of the previously denoted rhetorical strategies, the director and producer, and indeed all of the people responsible for the p roduction of this ad, effectively integrated with as large a market audience as is possible. As has been denoted through previous levels of research, effectively representing pathos, logos, and the post in

Personal reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Personal reflection - Essay Example These will increase food production to a great extent that will satisfy a nation’s population. In my thought, a growth in the economy should provide sufficient wealth for the whole population. Mostly, this does not happen because the population the poor grows rapidly and they do not share in the increased industrial expansion. The tragedy of commons is a trap that involves the conflict between resources of individual interests and those of common good. The problem with arising from this measure in managing the human population is the assumption that commons need to be regulated both the international and national agencies. In my thought, it is not entirely possible to control the commons or convert them to private property. In most countries, there does exist a gap between the existing population and what is regarded as the optimal population. Reasons, why countries have sub-optimal population, vary both geographically and historically. Daly suggests that tradable permits are a measure that can be use to control the human population. The allusion to birth rights for income inequality is contrasted. In my opinion, the tradable rights to have children are the only means to manage the human population. Each girl should be given a license to allow her to have, say, two children. Tradable birth rights may be a better measure as couples who have more than two children will risk previous the economic

Project Based Organization (PBO) Analysis

Project Based Organization (PBO) Analysis In todays turbulent market, a lot of organizations is still seeking for a strategic advantage over others and a lot of them has actually seek Project Based Organization (PBO) as a way to propel them for greater height and thus, gain a strategic advantage over other companies. However, there are still questions how they can best make use of this new organization structure approach to create a synergy between company business mission, strategy, and project as well as portfolio management PBOs refer to organizational forms that involve the creation of temporary systems for the performance of project tasks or activities. PBOs are gaining increased attention as an emerging organizational form, but there is very little knowledge on how PBO function in practice and what value or benefits in adopting the practice of PBOs. Needless to say, there are not many findings on how the extensive use of unique and temporary endeavors like projects can help influence the strategy and organizations design. By making using of project management best practices, PBO will help organization to become more dynamic, flexible and responsive when dealing with a turbulent environment. This PBO approach will ensure organization to be more creative and innovative when coping and responding quickly to the ever changing market demand. EMPLOYING PROJECT BASED ORGANIZATIONS In order to deploy project based management more effectively and efficiently, organization need to engage the top management to recognize this new approach of embracing project management best practices. They need to engage the right attitudes throughout the organization. In doing so, it will help the organization to fully reap the benefits of this new formidable and competitive weapon so as to fight for continue business growth and making sure the corporate will gain a better chance to survive in todays highly competitive market. Establishing executive ownership and responsibility for project based management with the organization is equated with authority in organization structures, the closer something is to the top, the higher its level of authority, acceptance, adoption and autonomy is perceived to be by the organization. It has to be a top-down approach whereby we need to engaged CEO, senior management of the company and sell them the ideas of how PBOs concept is able to propel the company to greater height. Positioning the project based management function at the top in a hierarchical organizational structure establishes its autonomy and thus ownership of the responsibility for setting up, distributing, supporting, and managing the application of project management best practices. Enterprise-wide adoption of project based management best management called for single ownership of the function. Establishing common practices across an organization at all levels is difficult, if not impossible, without a clearly established sole ownership. We do believe, however that establishing a PBO is the right thing to do, because global competition in the marketplace will continue to increase. Therefore, project based management is one of the best answers for surviving global competition. We need to first identify the roles, responsibilities of senior management team and their business function when structuring the PBO. Once we have identified their function focus and agreed upon their roles, we will then need to proceed to clarify relationships between these functions, like who is leading, supporting and following. This will help to ensure clarification on how these units can work or function together in a team. For example, typical teams in IT might include a strategic management team, an innovation management team, a project/program management team and a product management team. Each team is comprised of more than one unit and there are overlaps between the teams. The objective of this structure is to create team accountability. TRADITIONAL AND PROJECT BASED ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND OPERATION TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND OPERATION Traditional management has been applied since twenty century and is well developed on the core principles of standardization, specialization, common goal, hierarchy organization, planning and control and external-reward (Hamel et al., 2007). A traditional organization is constructed based on those core principles of traditional management and functioned through vertical and horizontal operations which are a hierarchic structure with various functional departments as the vertical operation and a work process designed for specific generalized task models by using Standard Operating Procedural to link individual functional. DISADVANTAGES Project members from each project teams are dispatched from functional departments; this normally causes conflicts between functional departments and project teams when the resources and priority of urgency are conflicting. Hard to assess employee performance since employee can belong to functional department and project teams. This will always cause confusion and unhappiness to employees involved. What project he/she participates is decided by the project manager and department head instead of self-actualization, which reduces the performance of both personal development and organizational learning. Hierarchy structure, functional department operation model and Standard Operating Procedure are characteristics of a traditional organization, which makes its disable in dealing with changes. Contention of resources between functional department and project team, which will develop conflicts within organizations, resulting in disharmony and distrust. No organizational synergy due to lack of inadaptable interactive relations between functional departments. Lack of ability to adapt to changes in related to market uncertainty or other external factors. This is caused by rigid, stagnant Standard Operating Procedures which are regulated according to generalized task model and therefore not capable of responding to any changes conditions timely. THE PBO STRUCTURE AND OPERATION A project based organization is a structure that facilitates the coordination and implementation of project activities. Its main reason is to create an environment that helps enhance interactions between team members with a minimal disruptions, overlaps and conflict. One of the important decisions of project management is the type of organizational structure that will be used for the project. Every project has its unique characteristics and the design of an organizational structure should consider the organizational environment, the project characteristics in which it will operate, and the level of authority the project manager is given. One of the main objectives of the structure is to reduce uncertainty and confusion that typically occurs at the project initiation phase. The structure defines the relationships among members of the project management and the relationships with the external environment. In PBO project managers have a high level of authority to manage and control the project resources. The project manager in this structure has total authority over the project and can acquire resources needed to accomplish project objectives from within or outside the parent organization, bind only to the scope, quality, and budget constraints identified in the project. In the PBO, project members are assigned specifically to the project and report directly to the project manager. The project manager is responsible for the performance appraisal and career progression of all project team members while on the project. This leads to increased project loyalty. Complete line authority over project efforts affords the project manager strong project controls and centralized lines of communication. This leads to rapid reaction time and improved project based organizations are more common among large and complicated projects. PBO KEY TO SUCCESS FOR TODAY ORGANIZATION INNOVATION ENABLER 10 Tips by the Worlds Best Innovators Organize yourself globally because it beats local Life treasures through communication Turn â€Å"not invented here† into a quality seal Focus on Big Ideas (there are enough small ones) Think platform Minimize time-to-test Appoint your customers as your boss Leverage design Take care of the jewel innovation organization culture that reacts to changes Use business model innovations as the turbo PROJECTS AND INNOVATION HOW THEY INTERLINKED WITH ONE ANOTHER What does PBO has to do with Innovation? We will start by defining both innovation and projects and identifying common ground in their concepts. Projects and Innovation share common roots in their definitions, both are: Temporary: they end when they become integrated to the normal routine of operations Produce unique results: the end product or service should be, in some way, different than the existing. Characterized by progressive elaboration: they cannot be understood entirely at, or before, the start, therefore the decision-making and realization phases are iterative. Many statements concerning innovation can be applied to projects and vice versa; to a certain degree, many of the characteristics of both are interchangeable. Classic definitions of innovation include: The process of making improvements by introducing something new (Wikipedia, 2007) It seems reasonable from above description that projects and innovation share a natural conceptual background. It would be hard to imagine how a traditional organization would be able to innovate since their structure only has roots in routine, repetitive works and a much predictable work output and stagnant culture. The whole philosophy and the historical background of both projects and innovation seem interlinked. A strong project outlook with proper governance structures would typically help to promote strategic goals that call for development of innovation. In their quest for innovation, many organizations have felt the need to establish social networks; the project approach has the advantage of proposing an internal network between projects if properly enhanced through program management, as well as involvement of stakeholders. Since Schumpeter (1947), many researchers have demonstrated that innovations are most often â€Å"new combinations† of existing technology. â€Å"Thus, individuals or divisions within a firm must be both able and willing to share their capabilities or resources with other parts of the organization. This author also mentions that organizations need to create common language, otherwise the ability to share knowledge will be hampered (Sampson, 2007). To counteract some of these pitfalls, several companies have found it useful to introduce systems where staff from all levels of the business can input their ideas. An interesting example of the usefulness of such systems comes from Paul Sloan (2006) â€Å"A copy-machine operator at Kinkos, a chain of copying and document services stores, noticed that customer demand for copying dropped off in December. People were too preoccupied with Christmas presents to do much copying for the office. So he came up with a creative idea: allow customers to use Kinkos color copying and binding facilities to create their own customized calendars using personal photos for each of the months. He prototyped the idea in the store and it proved popular. The operator phoned the founder and chief executive of Kinkos, Paul Orfalea, and explained the idea. Orfalea was so excited by it that he rushed it out as a service in all outlets. It was very successful and a new product custom calendars and a new revenue stream were created.† Corporate recognize that their organizations are always in danger of developing products and services with little or no market appeal. Some organizations are great at innovation like 3-M that produces 30% of its revenues from products that did not exist 4 years ago. However, others are really very bad at innovating such as Xerox who is famous for innovations it did not exploit, like fax machines and laser printers. Others, like Procter and Gamble have successfully reversed a 40 years innovation slump from their last major breakthrough (Pampers in 1961) with recent innovative products like â€Å"Swiffer† and Crests â€Å"Whitestrip† (Brooker, 1999; Moss-Kanter, 2006). Other companies just struggle with innovation like Motorola when it resisted going from analog to digital and lost its lead in cellular phones, or Kodak, when it lost its share of the camera market to Canon and Sony for having miscalculated the impact of digital camera in the mid 90s. Although organizational innovation needs more than just taking up a project view, we have to examine if the project management approach, when well integrated and focused on the broader view of project, could possibly promote principles that are conducive to innovation. Rosabeth Moss-Kanter (2006) describes four major reasons for failure to innovate: Strategy: Lack of sound innovative investment spread between breakthrough and incremental Process: Tight controls that strangle innovation and refusal of deviations from plan Structure: Lack of connections between innovation areas and the rest of the business Skills: Lack of networkers, communicators or connectors and relationships Most traditional organizations are better suited to stable environments and employ a top down approach to innovation. Strategy is formulated at the top along with the major initiatives for achieving it. Some of these initiatives will be innovative in nature, related to the development of an innovative process, product or service and often led within an RD Department, independently from the rest of the business. Top down approaches may solicit input from deeper in the organization, but the formulation of the innovative ideas remains at the top or within one of the organizational silos. Many of these organizational models are encouraging excessive control and reporting and, as Holmstrom, (1989) argued: bureaucracy, sometimes symbolic of the old hierarchical organization, can be hostile to innovation. We have seen that organizational structure and governance are determining factors in the development of human and organizational innovation and that PBOs change the nature of the traditional organizational structure. We can therefore ask ourselves: â€Å"How can a PBO structure influence innovation (either positively or negatively)?† Three recent empirical studies (Bresnen Goussevskaia Swan, 2004; Lindkvist, 2004; Dovey Fennech, 2007), have recognized that organizations that adopt a project management approach in a traditional mechanistic context, often have to deal with a choice between the flexibility and dynamism of the project approach and the desire of firms functional and strategic stakeholders to exercise control at organizational level. The authors have already reported on a case study that demonstrates evidence of such a division when an organization is moving from a more traditional model to the PBO model: â€Å"This very diverse and competent group of people had approached a new task in a most conventional manner, which seemed coherent with the ingrained performance paradigm, still a remaining legacy of the organizations historical culture and values. It was felt that one of the important emergen needs of the group was to â€Å"develop lateral, more creative thought processes and encourage a bit less conformity† to foster use of available potential and growth in this new work environment.† (Thiry, Deguire, 2004) Sampson (2007, p.382-383) argues that â€Å"the effect of the organization on innovative performance is contingent on absorptive capacity.† A program approach where strategic decisions are implemented through a series of related and interdependent projects (Thiry, 2004a, OGC, 2003) would support this approach, as change and innovative initiatives will be broken down into projects manageable, not only in technical terms, but also in absorption capability terms. The selection of investment activities through portfolio management is also essential, for example, at Apple in 1996, after Steve Jobs was reinstated as CEO, he led a massive review of the RD effort. As a result, Apple focused its resources on projects that had the greatest potential, and eventually produced the iMac, iBook, iPod, and iTunes (Vise Malseed, 2005). Most traditional organizations experience communication and resource allocation problems, especially between functional managers and project managers (Alsene, 1999; Bishop, 1999; Payne, 1993); this generates issues at the executive level, when conflicts are escalated and disturb the â€Å"political harmony† of the organization (Dovey Fenech, 2006). This last empirical study showed that even when the value of a â€Å"projectized† approach to deliver strategy is demonstrated, it can still be challenged by the organizations establishment. Many authors have confirmed that â€Å"the environment in a project-oriented organization is more dynamic and discontinuous.† (Huemann, Turner Keegan, 2004) and that the role of the project manager has evolved from that of a single person with specific technical skills to that of a team of individuals which exercise a wide ‘function that spans from strategic to technical (Frame, 2002).. The project management (PM) function is now evolving towards a co-managed business-technical partnership (Frame, 2002), which gives it authority over strategic level resources and therefore true decision-making power (Spradlin, 2004). We feel that given the nature of the project/program approach, PBOs can significantly contribute to the development of a distributed network that forms inside the organization and takes on the role of much of the innovation work. Through projects and programs, individuals become connected to the network and generate their own ideas, conduct experiments, do their own findings, build support, and help transition some of the ideas to formal pilots or direct implementation. An interesting example is Harley-Davidson, Inc. Management at Harley-Davidson has been recognized worldwide for its successful use of progressive, cutting-edge management techniques (Certo, 2003). This company has long developed its use of cross-functional teams to design new products and representatives from engineering, purchasing, manufacturing, and marketing have always had some influence on the future direction of new products. In order to achieve this, management has been committed to cross-functional teams and these team members work together daily and are totally dedicated to the new product development process on a full-time basis. We have therefore seen that innovation, for most companies, depends upon the individual and collective expertise of employees and it seems to have become more important for an organization to be cross-functionally excellent than functionally excellent. In addition to formal planning at the business level, best-practice companies are using cross enterprise initiatives on major issues in order to challenge assumptions and open up the organization to new thinking. This further enhances innovation as organizations are, for example, able to match their technological developments with complementary expertise in other areas of their business, such as manufacturing, distribution, human resources, marketing, and customer relationships. To lead these development efforts, cross-functional teams need to be formed and PBOs would make a significant difference in developing both the culture and necessary structures to help businesses in their quest towards innovation. As reported by Dhyani and Singh (2006) in the following case, most traditional mechanistic models do not endorse an innovative philosophy: â€Å"Service Delivery is based on standards, repeatability, reference architectures, proven and robust technology, guaranteed quality, efficiency and meeting SLAs. The resulting culture is inherently in conflict with innovation, which inescapably entails increased risk. SD has no processes or targets for regularly engaging in Client Innovation. It does not employ people for this purpose and has no measurements or incentive programs to perform this task and indeed expects the opposite behavior.† PBO through the consistent use of cross-functional teams presents a clear organizational advantage over the more traditional mechanistic organization as it supports individuals in its effort by policies, practices and resources that acknowledge this risk and provides space for experimentation. The organization shoulders some risk as do individuals and teams. Everyone in the innovation culture strives for success and learns from failures by documenting them and hearing about them from others. Given that this is a necessary condition for empowering different players and that sharing failures can be difficult for human beings with sensitive egos. The team setting provided by PBOs most probably allows the diffusion and publication of failure with minimal harm to individual egos and enhances organizational learning that can be used towards future innovative initiatives. If we accept the view that innovation can be seen as an organizational means to reach strategic goals, it would be interesting to explore and understand the link between the implementation of a PBO structure and culture and organizational innovation and to compare it to more traditional settings. In particular, we can refer to the fact that, since Burns and Stalker (1961), many authors recognize that traditional mechanistic organizations are struggling to adapt in todays turbulent environments. Nevertheless, in order to sustain innovation, PBOs need to be structured to foster creative synergy between vision and mission, strategy, portfolio, program and project management and be framed in a project-based governance approach; they also need to generate tangible value for the stakeholders. Rosabeth Moss-Kanter, who has conducted research and advised companies during what she terms: â€Å"four major waves of competitive challenges† (2006, p.74) since the 70s claims that successful innovation requires â€Å"flexible organizational structures, in which teams across functions or disciplines organize around solutions, [which] can facilitate good connections.† (2006, p.82) â€Å"[Innovation] is among the essential processes for success, survival, and renewal of organizations, particularly for firms in either fast-paced or competitive markets† (Brown Eisenhardt, 1995, p.344) â€Å"‘Innovation refers to a phenomenon where a new idea has been implemented into action.† (Taatila, 2005). the recognition that project management practice can and will influence organizational practices and, in so doing; that an alternate position may open a door for a redefinition of organizations through projects by supporting the adoption of new challenging organizational theories for project-based organizations; that the adoption of these new organizational models could generate higher stakeholder involvement, create more value and enable better integration between projects and strategy to sustaining innovation. CHALLENGES FACED BY IMPLEMENTING A PBO To adopt a project-based organization presents some challenges to senior managers: Project Manager has little or no â€Å"position power.† The position power which is so prominent in functional organizations will change when project-based organization is implemented. Project Manager will have minimal control over the career path of project members. Instead, project members require an independent career path over which they themselves have control and to which the project work can contribute. Senior managers need to develop project managers and project management so that the project managers can lead based on influence rather than positional authority. Conflicts arise over project member time and resource requirements. Thus senior managers must have a good plan and work schedule priority. Alternatively, senior manager need to come out with special reward scheme to allocate scarce resources-individuals that will help to maximize the value of the project. No clear Organizational boundaries. Project management often requires seamless cooperation among organizational units. If project managers/members see evidence that cooperation is not valued, then achieving cooperation is going to very hard. Senior management needs to create a structure where cooperation is rewarded Time and organizational pressures abound. Senior management must be ready to support the best practices that will help to reduce project time. This includes forming a core team system, having a project goal vision, allowing more time for project planning so as it wont interfere with project operations, facilitating communication with customers, and supplying necessary resources. Project members do not know one another. Effective project teams require a high level of trust and openness. The climate of trust and openness will need to be a top-down approach. If senior managers are not trustworthy, truthful, and open with each other, there is little chance that project members will be so with one another. Trust and openness are the antithesis of most bureaucratic organizations. Senior managers coming from a less trusting organization will have difficulty developing high levels of trust. CONCLUSIONS Having knowing that successful innovation needs flexible organizational structures, in which cross-functional teams or disciplines organize around solutions, PBOs could be a possible answer when their structures provide horizontal integration from business strategy to operational benefits and vertical integration between corporate objectives and the prioritized portfolio of projects. It is also very likely that the adoption of an integrated wide-scale project approach could enhance an organizations capacity for innovation for the following reasons: Given the nature of the project/program approach, PBOs can significantly contribute to the development of a distributed network that forms inside the organization and takes on the role of much of the innovation work. Along with these basic innovation processes, in a, PBO structure locus of control and decision making is normally decentralized through the creation of program and project teams in order to modify aspects of the culture so employees receive consistent and positive messages about initiating and implementing change and innovation. In PBO structures, the stakeholder approach is combined to the concept of value and permeates all levels of the organization by increasing the reach of both stakeholder and value concepts. An integrated vision of projects would directly link projects and programs to governance and strategy, encouraging social networks and value creation. In conclusion, we would argue that the sensible adoption of an integrated project approach should not only encourage the emergence and enactment of new organizational dynamics, but develop a stakeholder approach and innovative concepts leading to increased value creation. Finally, we can also conclude that it is not enough to set up a PBO if we use a mechanistic framework. In order to foster innovation, all the project and organizational elements must be integrated from start to realization. REFERENCES Alsene, E. (1999). Internal Changes and Project Management Structures Within Enterprises, International Journal of Project Management. 17(6): 367-377. Bishop, S. K. (1999). Cross-functional Project Teams in Functionally Aligned Organizations. Project Management Journal. 30(3): 6-10. Bresnen, M., Goussevskaia, A., and Swan, J. (2004). Embedding new management knowledge in project-based organizations. Organization Studies, 25(9), 1535-1555. Brooker, K. (1999) Can Procter Gamble Change Its Culture, Protect Its Market Share, and Find the Next Tide? Fortune, April 26, 1999, pp. 146-50, 152. Brown, S. L. and Eisenhardt, K. M. (1998). Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MACerto, S.C. (2002). Modern Management, 9th Ed. Burns, T., Stalker, G. M. (1961). The Management of Innovation. London: Tavistock Publications. Dovey, K. and Fenech, B. (2007). The role of enterprise logic in the failure of organizations to learn and transform: a case from the financial services industry. In print: Management Learning: The Journal for Managerial and Organizational Learning, Sage Publications. 38(3). Dhyani, A. and Singh, R. (2006) â€Å"Risk and Innovation Case for Building a Methodology Tool to Assist Informed Decision Making for Managers† (July 22, 2006). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=919180 Frame, J. D. (2002) PMNetwork, Project Management Institute. PA: Da Sylva. Gann, D.M., Salter, A.J. (2000) Innovation in project-based, service-enhanced firms: The construction of complex products and systems. Research Policy, 29, 955-972. Hamel, G. (1996). Strategy as Revolution. Harvard Business Review. July/August 1996. Holmstrom, B. (1989). Agency costs and innovation. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 12: 305-327. Huemann, M., Turner, R. and Keegan, A. (2004). The Role of Human Resource Management in Project-Oriented Organizations. Proceedings of the 3rd PMI Research Conference, London, July 2004. Lindkvist, L (2004). Governing Project-based Firms: Promoting Market-like Processes within Hierarchies. Journal of Management and Governance. 8: 3-25. Moss Kanter, R. (1990) â€Å"Follow-up and Follow-through,† Harvard Business Review, March/ April 1990, p. 8. Moss-Kanter, R. (2006) Innovation: The Classic Traps. Harvard Business Review, November 2006, pp.73-83) Payne, J. (1993). Introducing Formal Project Management into a Traditional Functionally Structured Organization. International Journal of Project Management. 11(4): 239-243. Sampson, R.G. (2007). RD Alliances And Firm Performance: The Impact Of Technological Diversity And Alliance Organization On Innovation. Academy of Management Journal. 50-2; 364-386. Schumpeter, J. A. (1947). The creative response in economic history. Journal of Economic History, 7: 149-159. Sloane, P. (2006) The inspiration for innovation. Computing Business 20 Jul 2006 Spradlin, T., (2004) A Lexicon of Decision Making, DSSResources.COM, 03/05/2004. Extracted from: http://dssresources.com/papers/features/spradlin/spradlin03052004.html on 12 Jan 2007 Sydow, J., Lindkvist, L. and DeFillippi, R. (2004). Project-Based Organizations, Embeddedness and Repositories of Knowledge: Editorial. Organization Studies 25(9): 1475-1489. Taatila, T.(2005) Innovation Mechanisms in Network Economy, SoL 2nd Global Forum, Vienna September 2005. Thiry, M. (2001) â€Å"Sensemaking in Value Management Practice† International Journal of Project Management, Elseveir Science, Oxford (Feb. 2001) 19 (2); 71-78 Thiry. M. (2002). The Development of a Strategic Decision Management Model: An Analytic Induction research process based on the combination of project and value management. Thiry, M. (2004a). Program management: A strategic decision management process. Thiry, M. (2004b) How can the benefits of PM Training Programs be improved? Thiry, M. and Deguire, M. (2004). Program Management as an Emergent Order Vise, D. A. Malseed, M. (2005) The Google Story. Delacorte Press. Weber, Max. (1904 [2002])

The Black Panthers Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966 by party members Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in the city of Oakland, California. The party was established to help further the movement for African American liberation, which was growing rapidly throughout the sixties because of the civil rights movement and the work of Malcolm X, and Dr. Martin Luther King. The Party disembodied itself from the non-violence stance of Dr. King and chose to organize around a platform for â€Å"self-defense†, (which later became part of the party’s original name). The party was established to help further the movement for African American liberation, which was growing rapidly throughout the sixties because of the civil rights movement and the work of Malcolm X, and Dr. Martin Luther King. The Party disembodied itself from the non-violence stance of Dr. King and chose to organize around a platform for â€Å"self-defense†, (which later became part of the party’ s original name). As a Marxist-Leninist organization and worked with many white activist organizations(for example, California’s Peace and Freedom Party). The Black Panthers name was derived from The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (or SNCC, pronounced "snick"), while working to register voters in Lowndes county, Alabama. Following the success of the Mississippi Freedom Party, organizers worked to create the Lowndes County Freedom Organization as an independent party. At the time, it was required that all organizational parties have visual emblem for [non-educated] voters. The SNCC contacted a designer in Atlanta for logo. The designer first choice was dove, but the workers of SNCC thought that it was too gentle, so the finally the designer suggested that the organization use the mascot of Clark Atlanta College, The Black Panther. Thus, the Freedom Party). Thus, the Lowndes County Freedom Organization became The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, and soon the parties were founded all across the nation. Many of these parties were unconnected to the SNCC. On April 25, 1967, the first issue of The Black Panther, the party official news organ, [was distributed]. In the following month thereafter, the party launches a march on the California state capital fully armed, in protest of the state’s attempt to band the possession of loaded weapons in public. Bobby Seale proceeded to read a statement of protest; while ... ...tions, and numerous dirty plots. The Black Party eventually fell apart due to the FBI’s systematic attempts to disassemble the party. Due to major financial dilemmas, some members went on to join another group called the Liberation Army, whiles others subdued themselves to enact a pro-peace philosophy, and others were incarcerated (Assata Shakur, Sundiota Acoli, Afeni Shakur). (Wikipedia:The Free Encyclopedia,1997).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the contrary, even though the old Black Panther Party was actually diminished due to antics by the federal government, a group calling themselves the New Black Panther emerged from the Nation of Islam decades after of the original Black Panthers. A new National Alliance of Black Panthers was formed on July 31, 2004, and is said to be inspired by the grassroots activism of the original organization, but is not related. (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, 1997). Refrences The Black Panther Party. (1997). Marxists.org Retreived April 11,2005 http://www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/balck-panthers/1966/10/15.htm The USA Archives.(1969). Marxists.org Retreived April 11,2005 http://www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/balck-panthers/1966/10/15.htm

Panic Attacks Essay

Beryl’s father had died 5 years ago and her mother had recently been diagnosed with having dementia. Beryl was seeing her GP on a regular basis, seeking re-assurance with chest pains. She had undergone a number of medical tests and her physical health was good for her age. The Assessment Beryl reported that she first experienced panic attacks as a teenager, and could remember difficult arguments with her father. Her GP prescribed medication for anxiety and panic attacks when she was in her early twenties, during a stressful time in her work environment, being married with 2 small children and running a home. The work situation was not resolved and Beryl was eventually made redundant. She remained at home, looking after the children and her husband. Beryl’s father died when she in her thirties, which left Beryl feeling responsible for her mother, who could not adjust to losing her husband. The Approach Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) was selected because it can teach the client how to replace negative thinking with positive thinking and uses cognitive exercises to dispel irrational beliefs. In the initial assessment, there was clear evidence that Beryl wanted to make a change and she was keen to engage in homework tasks. She was able to focus on the relevant issues for therapy and her treatment goals were discussed and agreed. At times of increased stress for Beryl, a vicious cycle was activated, involving fear, physical symptoms, catastrophic interpretations of bodily sensations, and safety behaviours. Treatment work addressed the panic attacks which, in turn, led to a shift with the agoraphobic symptoms. The validity of Beryl’s catastrophic interpretations was tested out through discussion and ehavioural experiments. Alternative non-catastrophic thinking was introduced and safety behaviours were identified and decreased. Throughout therapy, Beryl was encouraged to keep a diary to identify her unhelpful thinking which led to her negative feelings and behaviour. She was also encouraged to talk about her fears which enabled Beryl to see that they were unfounded. C onclusion Due to Beryl’s high level of motivation, therapy progressed well and only 8 sessions of REBT were appropriate to bring about lasting change.

Ray Tomlinson Invented Internet-Based Email

Ray Tomlinson Invented Internet-Based Email Electronic mail  (email) is a way of exchanging digital messages between people using different computers.   Email operates across  computer networks, which in the 2010s, pretty much means the internet. Some early email systems required the writer and the recipient to both be  online  at the same time, sort of like instant messaging. Todays email systems are based on a  store-and-forward  model. Email  servers  accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only briefly, typically to a  mail server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. From ASCII to MIME Originally an  ASCII  text-only communications medium, Internet email was extended by  Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions  (MIME) to carry text in other character sets and multimedia content attachments.  International email, with internationalized email addresses, has been standardized, but as of 2017, not widely adopted. The history of modern, global Internet email services reaches back to the early  ARPANET, with standards for encoding email messages proposed as early as 1973. An email message sent in the early 1970s looks very similar to a basic text email sent today. Email played an important part in creating the Internet,  and the conversion from ARPANET to the Internet in the early 1980s produced the core of the current services. The ARPANET initially used extensions to the  File Transfer Protocol  (FTP) to exchange network email, but this is now done with the  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol  (SMTP). Ray Tomlinsons Contributions Computer engineer Ray Tomlinson invented internet-based email in late 1971. Under ARPAnet, several major innovations occurred: email (or electronic mail), the ability to send simple messages to another person across the network (1971). Ray Tomlinson worked as a computer engineer for Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), the company hired by the United States Defense Department to build the first Internet in 1968. Ray Tomlinson was experimenting with a popular program he wrote called SNDMSG that the ARPANET programmers and researchers were using on the network computers (Digital PDP-10s) to leave messages for each other. SNDMSG was a local electronic message program. You could only leave messages on the computer that you were using for other persons using that computer to read. Tomlinson used a file transfer protocol that he was working on called CYPNET to adapt the SNDMSG program so it could send electronic messages to any computer on the ARPANET network. The Symbol Ray Tomlinson chose the symbol to tell which user was at what computer. The goes in between the users login name and the name of his/her host computer. What Was the First Email Ever Sent? The first email was sent between two computers that were actually sitting beside  each other. However, the ARPANET network was used as the connection between the two. The first email message was QWERTYUIOP. Ray Tomlinson is quoted as saying he invented email,Mostly because it seemed like a neat idea. No one was asking for email.

xml and java essays

xml and java essays Most web developers are intimately familiar with HTML, which is a language for presenting information on-screen so that it can be read by a human. A new markup language is rapidly gaining attention, however. XML allows for the presentation of information which can be read by a computer program. It is likely that the future of web development includes the creation of increasing numbers of programs, which make intelligent use of the data on XML-based web pages. And Java is a very good language for creating those programs. There has been a close relationship between Java and XML since the earliest mention of XML. John Bosak of Sun Microsystems, Chair of the XML Working Group has said that "XML gives Java something to do" (Web Techniques, pg. 43). Since there has been a decision to provide a standard Java API for manipulating XML (WT Pg. 43), the use of Java to manipulate XML documents is likely to continue, and increase over time. XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. It looks a lot like HTML. In fact, both HTML and XML are commonly viewed as a subset of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). SGML is very complicated, a fact that has lead to its failure to gain widespread usage. HTML, its greatly simplified descendant, has been a resounding success, but it is beginning to demonstrate some significant limitations. XML is in between these markup languages in terms of complexity. It is more complex than HTML, but still significantly less complex than SGML. (Dynamic Web Publishing Unleashed - Pg. 744-745). It is essentially an attempt to define a common ground between HTML and SGML. Like SGML, XML is a metalanguage for defining markup languages. XML allows you to define your own markup language consisting of new tags which you can use to encode the information in your web documents far more precisely than can be done with HTML. XML is not a replacement for HTML. It is, instead, a supplement to HTML. Whil...

Head Start Program Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Head Start Program Introduction - Essay Example Once approved the organizations will receive funding for 5 years to plan and conduct Early Head Start for children from birth till three years old focusing on developing a strong parental bond, empowering parents and developing building blocks for early learning success and Head Start programs focusing on reading and math skills for children 5 years and younger. Head Start Programs are regulated and their performances reviewed annually by the US Department of Health and Human Services/ Administration for Children and Families to ensure that the organizations are performing to the outlined standards. In addition, Head Start does more than just provide a platform for our children’s didactic learning success. Head Start also funds research for building strong healthy families and marriages. Children being raised in a single parent home does not condemn a child to academic failure, however studies show studies that children of divorce experience more behavioral problems, earned lower grades (Cherlin, 1981) and twice as likely to not graduate from high school than their peers who benefit from living with parents who did not divorce. (Zill, 1993) With marriages of the children of divorced parents at a much higher rate of divorce than the marriages of children from intact families, the cycle of potential low academic success and the poverty often associated with individuals not graduating from high school will likely continue. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the program is quite controversial. Will studies do show that participants are happy and well, there is no significant evidence showing that they are any better off than regular public school students (Klein 2011). Economic issues also plague the program. The national deficit, already crowed schools, and inefficient schooling sites limit the program’s effectiveness. For example, the state

Social responsibilities of multinational corporations Essay

Social responsibilities of multinational corporations - Essay Example Over the years, MNCs have been criticized for various reasons despite their many advantages. It is believed that they pay less regard to human rights and the environment. Criticisms also include the fact that MNCs have resulted in huge conglomerates in different countries, which overall reduces competition and violates the concept of free market economy. They are believed to raise money in the host countries of the MNC and then ship the profits back to that country, but at the same time using the other country’s labor, resources, cultures etc. In short, MNCs are believed to exploit human beings from all over the world apart from the host country. However MNCs also have certain advantages both for the host and the home country. The standard of living of the countries will increase regardless because investment and employment increase and people have greater purchasing power parity. The host country usually gets free flow of information and technology through this institution as well as expertise which may not be available in their own country. Domestic business also gets greater competition and business due to functioning of MNCs. Those who support MNCs believe it doesn’t reduce competitiveness but actually increases it, due to the breaking of local monopolies. Host country can also reduce their imports and export the goods produced by MNCs to improve their balance of payment accounts. Lastly, home countries can also benefit from the cultural diversity in the formation of MNCs worldwide. Under the topic of MNCs, there has been a great deal of debate among professionals about the social responsibilities of an MNC in operating globally. Some believe that MNCs have limited responsibility, usually depending on the laws of the host country. Others believe that they have the duty to fulfill the negative rights of human beings, and some believe that MNCs have a duty to fulfill both positive and negative rights of individuals. MNCs have always assumed to b e self-interested organizations, with the only aim to make profit and pay no regard to the people of developing economies or the environment. They seem to take on social responsibility, only if need be, and because recent studies show that ethical practices and social justice leads to profits in the long run. They seem to follow the principle-agent assumptions and MNCs are the agent because they seem to have no moral obligations to carry out honest behavior for socially responsible outcomes. Also, they seem to exploit host nations and their people because it is easier to do so; in developed countries there are several laws and institutions are tighter thus protecting people and firms from harm, however developing economies don’t have such laws so companies operating in them need to be even more socially responsible for the outcomes. Certain conditions prevail in a developing economy that makes MNCs more accountable with regards to social responsibility: Cultural practices in developing countries may allow for practices which violate human rights basic or advanced, and in accordance with gender, or politics etc. Most of these cultural practices have been eliminated in advanced countries but seem to be a problem in developing countries. The legal framework in developing economies may not insulate the country and its people from harm which is why MNCs have to be responsible. Corruption reigns supreme, therefore even in places where a

Select a health care law topic from the assigned readings. Present an Term Paper

Select a health care law topic from the assigned readings. Present an executive summary of the law in 200 words or less, and dis - Term Paper Example Applicable industry standards, statutes, federal laws and ethical guidelines Ethics and laws imply that physicians inform patients of the limit to which confidentiality protection of disclosure of personal information is allowed. This is because a patient requires privacy which should be respected by the physician. Federal statutes allow physicians to diagnose death which should be made in line with industry standards Statutes or federal laws may also require that a medical case be disclosed in fear of further spread. Applicable Industry Standards, Statutes, Federal Laws, Ethical Guidelines There are many ways of acquiring medical insurance benefits under the Medicare coverage program. The largest number of people are automatically eligible for this coverage at the age of 65 if they are entitled to monthly social security retirement benefits, survivor or transport retirement benefits. These individuals are entitled to Medicare coverage irrespective of whether they are eligible for ot her retirement benefits. Those persons not entitled tom these kinds of benefits will need to file an application for the Medicare coverage.

Confucius and Virtue Essay Example for Free

Confucius and Virtue Essay One word could garner every stroke of brilliance, every riddle composed and every thought that circled within the most influential sage, Confucius. The word â€Å"Shu: never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself,† expresses one rule that any individual could follow and practice (176). It encompasses areas of one’s life like intellect, relationships and behavior, but more importantly it begins to describe the concept of virtue and we can obtain it. In view with Confucius, virtue can be defined as morality possible within an individual. Virtue can be taught through the formation of habit and by respecting those around you as you would expect them to do as well—simultaneously garnering necessary traits such as honor and humanity that satisfy an individual’s life. To further extend the definition of virtue, morality should be defined. However, the exact definition of morality—just like virtue—will forever be contemplated. From Confucius, I gathered a few traits I believe to exemplify morality or Humanity as Confucius describes. One aspect is the ability to recognize what is good and then accomplishing these good things. Just as Confucius states, â€Å"Choose what is good and follow it,† comprehension and application in accordance to morality is vital to the definition of virtue (Confucius 72). Since virtue is something we, as erroneous humans, may never be able to obtain or reach, then the way to distinguish it is through experience or daily life. We observe virtue and are able to simply imitate it. Confucius himself exclaims that he â€Å"has no hope of meeting a truly virtuous person,† (73). Another aspect to define virtue is through gaining contentment in the individual’s life. Accepting one’s circumstances and finding peace in this leads an individual to Confucius’s Way, or true virtue. If someone had the ability to accept life as its handed to them, then their mind wouldn’t be concerned with things outside of their control. This is important to the acceleration of virtue because one’s own virtue is within their control, and if the focus is not outside of their control, it would be easier to observe virtue and then implement it into their lives. Security within the individual begins to form and â€Å"when the roots are secure, the Way is born,† (3). Both aspects, goodness and contentment, lead to observation and application of virtue, which is exactly how the individual can define of identify virtue. â€Å"but if you don’t put into practice the Ritual, then no good will come of it. † In order for virtue to be implemented into an individual’s life, the formation of habit must be derived from the application of virtue, or goodness. The formation indirectly helps to fulfill the completion of good behavior and intellect in an individual’s life. First, the connections of practice and teaching through behavior should be incorporated. For example, Confucius’s, The Analects, was gathered together by his followers. His great ideas about would have ever reached the people if he had not taught. More importantly, it shows how the applications of his writings are successful. Whatever he spoke of, he tried to implement in his life and that only supports the need for an individual to practice these items of virtue in their lives. The idea of practicing virtue is said to â€Å"never look [listen, speak or move] without Ritual,† and that would entail to constantly apply ritual, practice and procedural actions. In fact, Confucius’s concept of Ritual has more to do with habits and procedures than the religious aspects. Its respect of customs and practices allows individuals to become humane and honorable—which are aspects of virtue. This is demonstrated when Confucius says, â€Å"put what you have learned into practice,† (3). When that quote is connected with â€Å"the noble-minded are well versed in culture (culture also means learned in other translations) and well-grounded in Ritual, so how could they ever go wrong? † a clear purpose for practice is shown because learning in Ritual is viewed as a way of discipline to express those ideas (humanity and honorability) of virtue (61). Therefore, when this combination is practiced, virtue is then among the individual’s behavior satisfying that part of the soul. If they are able to control behaviors and practices through ritual and learning, then the intellect is challenged with virtue as well. Application infuses both behavior and intellect of the soul; practice is vital to obtaining and satisfying virtue within an individual’s life. Confucius’s â€Å"Golden Rule†Ã¢â‚¬â€respecting others as one wishes to be treated—is the key to a virtuous life because a way of obtaining virtue is through observation and practice. This is nearly impossible without the influence of another virtuous person. If virtue is exemplified through humans and our actions, then the observations made by an individual on the path to discovering virtue would be from another. This continuum is demonstrated through Confucius himself, as he teaches and â€Å"never refuse[s] to teach anyone,† but also through honor for elders (68). Parents, ancestors and elders are all crucial to the growth of a child and how he observes virtue. By implementing behavior, meaning regarding them with respect, the child learns necessary traits of virtue than can be further developed. To support the idea of respect Confucius boldly states that â€Å"everyone can feed their parents—but without reverence, they might as well be feeding animals,† (13). No one can observe and behave virtuous if they have no form of hearth for virtue. In addition to the necessity of observation and practice, the Golden Rule is also about finding virtue within love and humility. Both love and humility are selfless acts; their truest forms cannot be corrupted by greed, selfishness or inhumane ideals. Just as Confucius exclaims, â€Å"love the whole existence of things,† it brings forth connections and relationships that satisfy the soul (4). Virtue is expressed through these relationships by the respect and selfless acts because they are recognized as good. Good is synonymous with the idea of virtue, so it enforces the observations one can make of virtue in everyday life. Taking care of others creates one of the few truest bonds, and that represents virtue because of its truth and simply put: goodness. Being virtuous needs to be incorporated into everyday life/situations, and once you have begun virtue within yourself, the only other missing aspect of life is the life an individual shares with another; stringing together practice, relationships and intellect. Sharing virtue in life is accomplished through the Golden Rule by showing or being the example of virtue: â€Å"if you want to make a stand, help others make a stand,† (62). Virtue is not about oneself so by respecting others; one grows closer to understanding virtue. Treating others the way you want to be treated strings together behavior, relationships and intellect because others are involved: an individual observes and analyzes someone else’s virtuous actions, then begins to practice their own, and eventually respects and connects with others. This cycle is evolved through separate aspects of one’s life and in conjunction with others. If â€Å"only the humane can love people,† and humanity is a trait sprouted from virtue, then virtue must always be accompanied by some sort of interaction with others (33). Although Confucius’s idea of virtue incorporates how relationships, behavior and intellect are developed in an individual, it does not properly address emotion. Emotion can play a large role in how people think, act and connect; therefore, alter one’s ability to obtain virtue. Aristotle’s means of extreme seems to resonate well with emotion because it addresses the need for humans to stay balanced and in control—which would be beneficial to Confucius contentment and security in one’s self. Aristotle’s explains the men as â€Å"its character is to aim at what is intermediate in passions and in actions† (Aristotle 386). Aristotle’s idea of a moderation of emotions (passions) would allow an individual to stabilize themselves and stay focused on virtue. This is important because the foundation in which virtue begins to grow, according to Confucius, is when acceptance and contentment are present in one’s life. Once contentment occurs, the focus is more on loving others. This allows Confucius’s idea that â€Å"noble minded are never arrogant,† to become successful (Confucius 147). Through the use of balanced emotions, the individual can stay content and also stray from any arrogance, as emotions are focused on oneself. While virtue is true morality possible in humans, it can only be gained through practice and application of the Golden Rule—which leads to satisfaction within one’s life through concepts like humanity and Ritual. However, â€Å"Shu† will always be at the hearth of defining, applying and teaching virtue. Caring for others as we would want to care for us is vital to virtue in that it deals with a pure form of connection with others. Virtue is transported from individual to individual, and is therefore a large attribute to connections and relationships we have in life. With this, may Shu be with you.